PESA/TESA
Sperm Freezing (Sperm Cryopreservation)
Azoospermia is a condition where no sperm are found in a man’s ejaculate. This can happen due to a variety of reasons related to sperm production or sperm transport.
Understanding Azoospermia Sperm are produced in the testes and travel through a series of fine tubes:
Seminiferous tubules (inside the testes) where sperm are made.
Epididymis where sperm are stored and matured.
Vas deferens, which carries sperm to mix with seminal fluid and exit the body during ejaculation.
There are two main types of azoospermia:
Obstructive Azoospermia: Sperm are produced normally but can’t reach the semen due to a blockage or missing ducts.
Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: The testes are not producing enough sperm or none at all.
PESA & TESA: Surgical Sperm Retrieval To retrieve sperm directly from the male reproductive system, two procedures are commonly used:
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) – Sperm is aspirated from the epididymis.
TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) – A small needle is used to extract sperm directly from the testicular tissue.
These methods help both diagnose the cause of azoospermia and retrieve sperm for fertility treatment.
Who Can Benefit from PESA/TESA? Sperm retrieval may be suitable if you have:
Low or no sperm production due to genetic factors, previous infections (like mumps), or undescended testes.
A blockage in the reproductive tract from past infection, trauma, or surgery.
Congenital absence of the vas deferens (common in carriers of cystic fibrosis).
Had a vasectomy or an unsuccessful reversal.
How Is Retrieved Sperm Used? Since sperm obtained via PESA or TESA is often very limited in number, we use a specialized IVF technique called ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection):
Your partner undergoes an IVF cycle.
Once her eggs are collected (usually the same day as your PESA/TESA), a single sperm is injected into each egg.
Fertilized embryos are monitored in the lab and then a healthy embryo is transferred to the uterus.
At Rajni Fertility Centre, we provide advanced diagnostic and microsurgical options to help couples overcome male infertility challenges, with utmost care, discretion, and medical excellence.